000			01691nab a22002057a 4500
008			160615b2014 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aTaura, Nasiru Daiyabu
245			_aCounteracting innovative constraints _cinsights from four case studies of African knowledge-intensi
260			_c2014
300			_a313-336
520			_aWe respond to repeated calls over the years to further develop cluster theory specifically in an African context. Our contribution is to construct a framework which integrates theories focusing on path dependency, transaction cost economics (efficiency and systemic interdependency models) and regional development (lock in models). Our focus is on the innovativeness of African clusters and constraints on such innovation. Thus, drawing on cluster literature on constraints to innovation coupled with insights from current empirical work within African automotive clusters, we examine the challenges of counteracting the multilevel constraints which hinder innovation in African clusters. We develop a model for counteracting cluster constraints focusing on the impact of variations in innovative frequency, diffusion of innovations, innovative speed and protection of innovation. The model emphasizes the opportunities that arise when new entrant and incumbent firms interact to neutralize constraints at transactional, social, ecological and knowledge levels.
650			_aInovative Protection
650			_aInnovative Speed
650			_aInnovative Diffusion
650			_aInnovative Frequency
650			_aMultilevel Constraints
650			_aAfrican Clusters
650			_aClusters
773			_aEntrepreneurship & Regional Development _dApril
999			_c41549 _d41549