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  • Finished Leather 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    As noted earlier, it is much more difficult to market leather, at acceptable prices, finished than crust leather. This is especially true when trying to export. Therefore, sufficiently large domestic market, i.e. local ...
  • Furfuryl Alcohol 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    The rapid development of precision metal casting was a main reason for the growth in furfuryl alcohol production all over the world. Its applicability in the production of a wide range of furan resins, as a disperser of ...
  • Carbon Black Making Plant 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    The carbon black industry is growing rapidly after World War II together with the expansion of synthetic rubber and automobile industries. By 1975, the total free world production of carbon black was estimated at 4.2 ...
  • Dynamite Making Plant 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    Before use of the glycerol nitrate as an industrial explosive by Nobel in the 1860s, the black powder with half the explosive power of TNT was the only blasting explosive. However, with the subsequent development ...
  • Ethylene from Gas Oil 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    Atmospheric gas oil boils in the range of 200-4000C. A dilution steam to hydrocarbon weight ratio of 0.8-1.0 is employed to give the appropriate hydrocarbon partial pressure at furnace cracking conditions. Gas oil ...
  • Ethylene from LPG Propane 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    A stream containing 0.3:1 ratio of steam to hydrocarbon is heated to 9000C in a vertical tubular furnace Optimum yield pattern is obtained in less than 0.5 seconds. The reaction is halted by lowering the temperature in ...
  • Ethylene from Naphtha 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    Naphtha boils in the gasoline boiling range ie C5-220oC. A steam to hydrocarbon weight ratio used for cracking naphtha is about 0.5:1. Reaction is performed at a coil outlet temperature of 850'C. Furnace design varies ...
  • Calcium Carbonate Making Plant 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    Limestone is one of the most abundantly available natural resources on earth. Composed mainly of calcium carbonate, limestones are divided into the weathered marine shell, white soft earthy limestone, sugar calcite and ...
  • Plasma Fractions Making Plant 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    The blood of a healthy person is extracted for use as highly effective individual components by the cold ethanol fractionating methods or heating ethanol fractionating methods. This can eliminate possible side effect, ...
  • Azodicarbonamide Making Plant 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    Generally, foaming agents are the substances forming pores or cells in the material. Among them, chemical foaming agents are the compounds which decopose with the generation of gases when heated within a fixed range ...
  • Chalkboard Making Plant 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    TIle technology introduced here is related to a special process in which chalkboards are coated with oil-mixed paint in the course of manufacture contrary to the prior art, whereas in schools and offices, most of the ...
  • Crown Cap Making Plant 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    The crown cap is an essential item for use in bottling beer, other beverage and general foodstuffs. In general, high pressure crown caps lined with PVC sol or cork inside the caps are used for beer and Coca Cola, while ...
  • Ethylbenzene 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    Dry benzene, a catalyst slurry (of fresh aluminum chloride and ethyl benzene) , and ethylene are charged to the alkylation reactor together with recycle polyethyl benzenes an a small quantity of ethyl chloride (catalyst ...
  • Cumene 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    Fresh chemical grade propylene is combined with benzene which is maintained at a high recycle rate to prevent formation of dealkylated and polymer products. Solid phosphoric acid catalyst is non-corrosive and the ...
  • CMC Making Plant 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a kind of cellulose ether, is a white powdery sizing agent made from pulp cellulose. Since its discovery by Jansen of Germany in 1918, it has rapidly expanded in advanced western countries. In ...
  • Ethanol 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    The direct hydration process involves the catalytic addition of water to ethylene. Phosphoric acid is commonly used as the catalyst. The reaction is exothermic operating at about 3000C and 69 bar. Unconverted gases ...
  • Alkylation of Benzene 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    Alkylbenzene, a basic raw material used in detergents production, may be synthesized from alkanes or alkenes and benzene. The alkylation process chosen will depend on whatever raw materials are available, but all ...
  • Caustic Soda Making Plant 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    Caustic soda is one of the basic chemical products produced in the largest quantity along with sulfuric acid, ammonia and ethylene. Moreover, because of its large production scale, caustic soda is generally classified ...
  • Crust Leather 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    Compared with wet-blue leather the marketing of crust leather is much more difficult, above all because customers have fewer options for further processing. The visible properties such as size, thickness, fullness, ...
  • Leather Goods Production 
    Unknown author (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1979-01)
    Most of the leather produced in the world today is used for the manufacture of shoes, garments and gloves. These leather products are, however, traditionally excluded from the articles embraced by the term "leather ...