Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a kind of cellulose ether, is a white powdery sizing agent made from pulp cellulose. Since its discovery by Jansen of Germany in 1918, it has rapidly expanded in advanced western countries. In ...

Limestone is one of the most abundantly available natural resources on earth. Composed mainly of calcium carbonate, limestones are divided into the weathered marine shell, white soft earthy limestone, sugar calcite and ...

Naphtha boils in the gasoline boiling range ie C5-220oC. A steam to hydrocarbon weight ratio used for cracking naphtha is about 0.5:1. Reaction is performed at a coil outlet temperature of 850'C. Furnace design varies ...

Atmospheric gas oil boils in the range of 200-4000C. A dilution steam to hydrocarbon weight ratio of 0.8-1.0 is employed to give the appropriate hydrocarbon partial pressure at furnace cracking conditions. Gas oil ...

Dry benzene, a catalyst slurry (of fresh aluminum chloride and ethyl benzene) , and ethylene are charged to the alkylation reactor together with recycle polyethyl benzenes an a small quantity of ethyl chloride (catalyst ...

This process also called Dynamit-Witten-Nobel process involves the oxidation of para-xylene in an oxidation reactor maintained at 15 bar and 190oC. The oxidation catalyst used may be a 0.1-0.5 percent cobaltous-manganese salt ...

Fresh chemical grade propylene is combined with benzene which is maintained at a high recycle rate to prevent formation of dealkylated and polymer products. Solid phosphoric acid catalyst is non-corrosive and the ...

Cyclohexanone (ONE) is first produced via oxidation of cyclohexane by air at 16S'C and 10.7 bar. Yield of ONE is 81 mole percent. A hydroxylamine solution is then contacted with the ONE to produce the cyclohexanone ...

This process consists of separate nitrobenzene and aniline production sections. Primarily 96 and 98 percent sulphuric and nitric acids respectively are blended and charged to the last of three nitrators operating at ...

Long-chain alcohols are valuable raw materials in the detergent, textile and leather industries. Total synthesis from olefins is highly capital intensive, and feasible only when undertaken Ln large petrochemical ...